See nere in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kidenere"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "neire"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "niere"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "near"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "osx"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "*nēora"
},
"expansion": "Old English *nēora",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "nēre",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German nēre",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*neurō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *neurō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*neurô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *neurô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*negʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "nioro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German nioro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nýra"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse nýra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either inherited from a Old English *nēora or borrowed from Middle Low German nēre; in either case, from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Old High German nioro, and Old Norse nýra. The form ere displays reanalysis of /n/ as belonging to the article an.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nere (plural neres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"kidney (an organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine)"
],
"id": "en-nere-enm-noun-e7lMLbsS",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney#English:_Q9377"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kidenere"
},
{
"word": "kideney"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The loin; the kidney region."
],
"id": "en-nere-enm-noun-J8xpMvMS",
"links": [
[
"loin",
"loin"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"region",
"region"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) The loin; the kidney region."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The kidneys as the source of feelings."
],
"id": "en-nere-enm-noun-WYE3fMFX",
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "near"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "nere"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēar",
"4": "",
"5": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēar (“nearer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*nēhwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nēar (“nearer”), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"id": "en-nere-enm-adv-Rro0dwvM",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nǣre"
},
"expansion": "Old English nǣre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ne",
"3": "were"
},
"expansion": "ne + were",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nǣre, equivalent to ne + were.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 2 9 2 12 29 18 2 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 1 8 1 13 30 19 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 16 3 21 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 4 24 55",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 27 9 11 49",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
],
[
78,
82
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "And certainly, if it weren't too long to hear / I would have told you the manner / How the realm of Femeny was won / By Theseus and by his chivalry, […] / But I must leave all that alone for now.",
"ref": "c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in Canterbury Tales, lines 875–877, 885:",
"text": "And ceꝛtes, if it neꝛe too long to heeꝛe, / I wold have told you fully the manneꝛe / How wonnen was the regne of Femenye / By Theſeus and by his chivalrye,[…] / But all that thing I mot as now foꝛbeꝛe.",
"translation": "And certainly, if it weren't too long to hear / I would have told you the manner / How the realm of Femeny was won / By Theseus and by his chivalry, […] / But I must leave all that alone for now.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weren't"
],
"id": "en-nere-enm-verb-Wm3jpFI4",
"links": [
[
"weren't",
"weren't"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Organs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kidenere"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "neire"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "niere"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "near"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neir"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "neer"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kidney"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "osx"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "",
"4": "*nēora"
},
"expansion": "Old English *nēora",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gml",
"3": "nēre",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German nēre",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*neurō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *neurō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*neurô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *neurô",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*negʷʰrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "nioro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German nioro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "nýra"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse nýra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either inherited from a Old English *nēora or borrowed from Middle Low German nēre; in either case, from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰrós. Cognates include Old High German nioro, and Old Norse nýra. The form ere displays reanalysis of /n/ as belonging to the article an.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neres",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neer",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "neyre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "nere (plural neres)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"kidney (an organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine)"
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney#English:_Q9377"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kidenere"
},
{
"word": "kideney"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The loin; the kidney region."
],
"links": [
[
"loin",
"loin"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"region",
"region"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) The loin; the kidney region."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The kidneys as the source of feelings."
],
"links": [
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
],
[
"source",
"source"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈneːr(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Organs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "near"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "nere"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "neir"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nēar",
"4": "",
"5": "nearer"
},
"expansion": "Old English nēar (“nearer”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*nēhwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nēar (“nearer”), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "neere",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ner",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English compound terms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Organs"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "nǣre"
},
"expansion": "Old English nǣre",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ne",
"3": "were"
},
"expansion": "ne + were",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English nǣre, equivalent to ne + were.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "nere",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
22
],
[
78,
82
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "And certainly, if it weren't too long to hear / I would have told you the manner / How the realm of Femeny was won / By Theseus and by his chivalry, […] / But I must leave all that alone for now.",
"ref": "c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in Canterbury Tales, lines 875–877, 885:",
"text": "And ceꝛtes, if it neꝛe too long to heeꝛe, / I wold have told you fully the manneꝛe / How wonnen was the regne of Femenye / By Theſeus and by his chivalrye,[…] / But all that thing I mot as now foꝛbeꝛe.",
"translation": "And certainly, if it weren't too long to hear / I would have told you the manner / How the realm of Femeny was won / By Theseus and by his chivalry, […] / But I must leave all that alone for now.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weren't"
],
"links": [
[
"weren't",
"weren't"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nere"
}
Download raw JSONL data for nere meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.